DASS – 21

Please read each statement and select a number 0, 1, 2, or 3 which indicates how much the statement applied to you over the past week. There are no right or wrong answers. Do not spend too much time on any statement.

Rating Scale:
0 = Did not apply to me at all (NEVER)
1 = Applied to me to some degree, or some of the time (SOME)
2 = Applied to me to a considerable degree, or a good part of time (OFTEN)
3 = Applied to me very much, or most of the time (MOSTLY)


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1. I found it hard to wind down

2. I was aware of dryness of my mouth

3. I couldn't seem to experience any positive feeling at all

4. I experienced breathing difficulty (e.g., excessively rapid breathing, breathlessness in the absence of physical exertion)

5. I found it difficult to work up the initiative to do things

6. I tended to over-react to situations

7. I experienced trembling (e.g., in the hands)

8. I felt that I was using a lot of nervous energy

9. I was worried about situations in which I might panic and make a fool of myself

10. I felt that I had nothing to look forward to

11. I found myself getting agitated

12. I found it difficult to relax

13. I felt down-hearted and blue

14. I was intolerant of anything that kept me from getting on with what I was doing

15. I felt I was close to panic

16. I was unable to become enthusiastic about anything

17. I felt I wasn't worth much as a person

18. I felt that I was rather touchy

19. I was aware of the action of my heart in the absence of physical exertion (e.g., sense of heart rate increase, heart missing a beat)

20. I felt scared without any good reason

21. I felt that life was meaningless

Please answer all questions.

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